“Understanding Push and Pull Factors in Kosovo: Primary Interviews with Returned Foreign Fighters and their Families” is an independent assessment of returned foreign fighters, currently serving their sentences either in prison or under house arrest, as well as their families. The report was commissioned by UNDP with the objective to better understand the pull and push factors that make Kosovars join foreign violent extremist groups, and support local and international institutions in developing better policies and programmes that aim to prevent violent ex­tremism, as well as to rehabilitate and reintegrate returned foreign fighters and their women and children. Thirteen semi-structured primary interviews with re­turned fighters (eight) and their families (three), as well as those who supported extremist groups domestically (two) were conducted. This is the highest number of structured interviews conducted in Kosovo on this subject.